murray



(No Model.) 5- Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. MURRAY, Jr. eAs ENGINE.

No. 351,393. Patented Oct. 26, 1886.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

P. MURRAY, Jr.

GAS ENGINE.

No. 351,393. Patented 001:. 26, 1886.

(No Moael.) P. MURRAY Jr. 5 sheets-sheet 3.

GAS ENGINE.

u Prrms. momwmw, wnwngm u4 a 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

P. MURRAY, JI'.

GAS ENGINE'.

No. 351,393. Patented Oct. 26,- 1886.

N PETERS4 Pnuwrumngrqpner. wnmmgmn, l1 Cy 5 sheetssheet 5.

(No Model.)

P. MURRAY.J1-.

GAS ENGINE.

N. ruins. Pham-Langman wmmgm mc.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER MURRAY, JR., OF NEVARK, NEV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE MURRAY MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OE SAME PLACE.

GAS-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 351,393, dated October 2G, 1886.

A pplicaiion filed Tune 6, 1853.

in the cylinder of the engine, but more particularly to that class of these engines in which the explosive mixture is confined in the cylinder under a considerable pressure previous to.

being exploded.

To aid in a more ready understanding of the invention, and of the details inthe construction and organization of the engine, to be hereinafter described, a brief description of the general organization and operation of the engine will be first given.

The air and gas which form the explosive mixture are first admitted in suitable proportions into a chamber containing a mixing apparatus. This chamber is connected by a supply-pipe with one end of each of a pair of double-acting pumps, which operate to draw the air and gas through the mixing apparatus, and thus form these fluids into a homogeneous mixture. These pumps are arranged to operatev alternately-that is to say, one pump is arranged to draw in a charge of the explosive mixture while the other pump is forcing out the charge drawn in at thelast stroke, and are connected by suitable induction-pipes with the opposite ends of the powercylinder, so that the charges of the explosive mixture are forced into the opposite ends of the power-cylinder alternately. The piston of the power-cylinder and the pistons ofthe pumps are so timed with relation to each other that the charges are forced into the power-cylinder while the piston is upon its stroke toward the end of the cylinder into which the charge is being forced, from which it results that the charges are cornpressed to a considerable extent before being exploded. The induction-pipes leading from the pumps to the opposite ends of the powercylinder are provided with suitable induction- Serial No. 97,248. (No model.)

valves, by which the charges are confined in the power-cylinder. The exploding of the charges in the power-cylinder is effected by means of a pair of ring-valves,which are opx erated from an eccentric upon the main crankshaft, so that at the proper times communication is opened between the charges confined in the power-cylinder and igniting-burners, Y

- sition as to be uncovered when the power-piston is at the ends of its strokes. These openings are controlled by exhaust-valves, which are positively 4opened as the piston arrives at the end of its stroke,to permit the products'of combustion to be exhausted from the cylinder, and are connected by suitable exhaust-pipes with the other ends of the pumps which force the charges into the power-cylinder. The pistons of these pumps, as before stated, are so timed with relation to the power-piston that they operate to compress the charges into the power cylinder. From this it results that partial vacuums are formed in the pumps before the exhaust-valves are opened, so that as soon as the valves are opened the products of combustion in the power-cylinder are drawn rapidly out into the pumps, from which they are :forced through an escape-pipe to the open air.

The invention consists, principally, in the means for compressing the charges of the explosive mixture into the power-cylinder and for exhausting the products of combustion after the charges have been exploded, and in the means for effecting the explosions at the proper times.

The invention also embodies the various details of construction in other parts of the engine, all of which will be hereinafter fully explained and particularly pointed out.

The details in the construction of the organization hereinbefore briefly outlined will now be described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which*- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a gas-engine Vw w of the same figures.

embodying the present invention. an irregular horizontal section of the same, showing particularly the pump .and power pistons, the firing-valves, and the igniting-burners, the parts being shown in the same position as in Fig. 1, which is the position they will occupy just after a charge has been exploded in the outer end of the powerecylinder and the power-piston has commenced its inward stroke. Fig. 3 is au irregular vertical cross-section upon an enlarged scale, taken on the line man of Fig. 2. Fig. 4isasimi1ar view taken upon the line y y of the same figure. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the pumpsY upon a like scale, taken upon the line z z of Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional detail upon a like scale, taken upon the line Fig. 7 is a vertical section, upon a like scale, of the mixing apparatus, taken upon the line @cof Figs. 2 and 5, and Fig. 7 is a detail of ythe same. Fig. 8 is an enlarged horizontal section of the firingvalves and valvechests and the igniting-burners,taken onthe line a: x of Fig. 10. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal vertical section, upon the same scale, of the slide-plates of the valve-chests, showing the ports and ducts therein. Fig. 10 is a' cross-section taken on the line x :c of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a similar view taken on the liney yof the same figure. Fig. 12 is a similar view taken on the line z z of the same figure. Fig. 13is a similar View taken on the line-ww ofJthe same figure. Fig. 14 is an outside face view of one of the firing-valves. Fig. l5 is a horizontal section ofthesame, taken on the linefrx of Fig. 14; and Fig. 16 is a horizontal se'ction of the powercylinder, illustrating a modified arrangement of the exhaust-ports, which will be hereinafter explained.

Referring to said drawings, it is to be un- Aderstood that the power-cylinder 150 is arranged in a horizontal position upon a suitable frame-work, A, which at a proper distance in front of the cylinder is provided with bearings for the main crank-shaft 149. The power-,piston 148 is provided with the usual piston-rod, 147, which passes through a suitable stuffing-box in the end of the cylinder,

and is connected to the main acrank 146 by means of a pitman, 145V. The piston-rod and pitman are provided at their point of connection with the usual cross-head, 144, which moves back and forth upon asuitable bearing, 143, formed on the frame-work.

In the organization here shown the charges of the explosive mixture, instead of being drawn into the opposite ends of the powercylinder by the piston 148, are forced into each end of the cylinder after the piston has com pleted its stroke toward the opposite end of the cylinder and while it is upon its returnstroke, thereby allowing the charges to be compressed to a considerable extent in the power-cylinder. The su pplying of the charges to the power-cylinder is effected by means of two ldouble-acting force-pumps, 141 142, which are located by the side of the cylinder and Fig. 2 is Y have their pistons 139 140 secured to a single rod, 138, which is connected by a pitman, 137,

with asecond crank, 136, upon the main shaft 7o 136 146 are so positioned that the power-pis- 75 ton completes its stroke just in advance of the pistons of the pumps. The purpose of this arrangement will appear when the operation of the engine is explained.

In order to effect the rapid and complete 8o' combustion of the explosive mixture inthe power-cylinder, which must be accomplished in order to obtain the best results, it is necessary that the air and gas which enter into theexplosive mixture should be thoroughly commingled before they enter the cylinder. This l is effectedvby means of a mixing apparatus through which the air and gas are drawn as they enter the supply-pipe 98, through which the mixture is drawn into the pumps. mixing apparatus is located in a chamber, 99, (see Fig. 7,) into which the gas and air are V rst admitted-the former through a pipe, 97, leading from the source of supply, and the latter through an opening, 96, formed in the botg5 tom of the chamber, and controlled by an-ordinary check-valve, 95. The pipe 97 communicates with an annular chamber, 94, which forms a seat for a check-valve, 93, and is provided with a number of openings, 2, (see Fig. `10o 7%) which are covered by the flange of the valve. By this means the gas which enters into the explosive mixture is distributed in a large number of small streams around the air,

which is admitted through the opening 96 and 105 the central opening of the chamber 94, and thus the mixture of the two Huids is partially effected. The valve 93 also affords means by which the escape of any of the mixturefrom the chamber 99 is prevented when the engine 1 lo is not in use. The pipe 97 and the opening 96 will-preferably be provided with suitable cocks or valves, (not shown,) by which the proportions of airand gas which enter into the exf plosive mixture may be varied at pleasure to r r 5 suit the different ruiming conditions ofthe engine.

The mixing apparatus proper consists of one or more mixing-wheels, which are mounted to turn freely upon a shaft, 91. these wheels is composed of a number of blades or vanes, 15, which are arranged obliqucly to the shaft, like the blades of a propeller or the vanes of a windmill, so that as the gas and air are drawn ,through chamber 99 by the action 125 of the pumps, the current thus formed will cause the blades 15 tc revolve, thereby agitating the air and gas, and causing them to become thoroughly mixed. The blades 15 of the different wheels will preferably be inclined in opposite 13o directions, as shown, so that the wheels will revolve in opposite directions, and thus more thoroughly agitate and mix the air and gas.

From the mixing apparatus the explosive This 9o Each of r 2o mixture enters the supply-pipe 98, which is closed at its ends by perforated plates 89, (see Fig. 5,) upon the outsides of which are ar ranged ordinary flap-val ves, 90, which open outward into chambers 88, which communicate through ports with the outer ends of the pumps 141 142. The chambers 88 also communicate, by means of induction-pipes 56, with the induction-chambers 4() (see Figs. 2 and 3,) at the opposite ends of the powercylinder. The openings of theinduction-pipes 55 56 into the induction-chambers 40 are controlled by the inductionvalves 41, which close as soon as the pressure in the power-cylinder exceeds that in the induction-pipes, and thereby confine the charges in the power-cylinder. The induction-pipes are also provided with the check-valves 42, (see Figs. 1, 3, and 4,) located near the chambers 88, by which the explosive mixture in the pipes is retained and prevented from being drawn back into the pumps upon their suction-strokes. From this arrangement it will be seen that the charge of explosive mixture drawn into each of the pumps from the pipe 98 at 011e stroke is upon the neXt stroke forced out through the induction-pipe into the` corresponding end of the power-cylinder- The cylinders of the pumps 141 142 are of such size with relation to the power-cylinder that the quantity of the explosive mixture which will be drawn into either of thepumps upon its suction-stroke and forced out of the pump into the power-cylinder upon the nextstroke will be just sufficient for one charge in the powercylinder when the engine is running under ordinary working conditions. It will also be seen, by reason of the relative arrangement of the pump and power pistons, that the charges as they are forced into the cylinder are, by the combined action of the two pistons, very greatly compressed, so as to be reduced to a comparatively small volume in the power-cylinder before they are fired. Theinduction-pipes55tiareconnected by a pipe, 54, (see Fig. 1,) which communi cates with the twoinduction-pipes between the induction-valves and the valves 42. The purpose of this pipe will appear when the operation of the engine is explained.

The charges which are forced into the powercylinder by the pumps, and confined therein by the induction-valves 41, are exploded at the proper times by means of stationary igniting burners 20, (see Fig. 2,) which are brought into communication with the charges by means of apair of firing-valves, 30, which arelocated in valve-chests 31 at the opposite ends of the cylinder, which chests open into the inductionchambers 40. rlhe iiring-valves 30 are connected to a val ve-rod, 32, which passes through the valve-chests, and is operated by a rod, 86, 'from an eccentric, 85, upon the main crank-shaft. rllhe eccentric 85 is so positioned upon the shaft that the valves 30 will be brought into position to open communication between the burners 20 and the charges in the cylinder just as the power-piston commences its return-stroke after completing the compression of the charge.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 8 to 15,

inclusive, the construction and arrangement of the devices for firing the charges will be described. The ignitingburners 20 are located in recesses 33 in the plates 51, which form the sides of the valve-chests,and consist of simple pieces of sponge-iron. or other similar substance, through which the gas can pass slowly. These burners are fed from the charges in the power-cylinder as follows: Theplates 51,which form the sides of the valve-chests, are provided with inwardlyextending iianges 21, which rest upon the bottoms of the valve-chests. rlhese flanges 21 are provided upon their under sides with channels 3, (see Fig. 11,) which communicate with the induction-chambers 40 and with vertical ducts 4,'t'ormed in the plates 51, which ducts communicate with horizontal ducts 5, (see Figs. 11 and 8,) which in turn open into the recesses 33 behind the burners 20. The plates 51 are provided with valves or plugs 34, the ends of which enter the ducts 5, and by which the amount of the explosive mixture allowed to pass to theburners 20 can be regulated at pleasure. The iguiting-burners 20 are re- .lighted after each explosion by means ofpermane'nt master-lights 35, which arelocated outside the plates 51, j ust below the igniting-burners, and which are brought into communication (see Figs. 8, 9, and 13) with theigniting-burners at the proper times by meansof ports 19, formed in the plates 51, just above and below the recesses in which the igniting-burners are located, and channels 18, formed on the outer faces of the tiring-valves.

In order to permit the igniting-burners 20 to be brought into communication with theinductionchambers 40 at the proper times to re the charges, the firing-valves 3() are constructed as follows: The valves are provided with small explosionchambers 22, havingobliquelyarranged ports 9, (sce Figs. 14 and 15,) which open outward through the outer faces of the valves in such position that as the valves are reciprocated they will be brought into communication with the recesses 33, (see Figs. 8, 9, 10,) iu which the ignitii'ig-burners are located. The chambers 22 are also provided upon their upper sides with ports, which are closed by upwardlyopening check-valves 10, (see Figs. 10 and 12,) located in recesses 11, which open inward into the induction-chambers 40. rFlic inner faces ofthesideplates, 51, of the valvechests are provided with vertical channels 8, (see Fig. 12,) which communicate with channels 7, thrilled in the bottoms of the flanges 2 1, and which open into the inductionchambers 40. The channels 8 are so positioned that as the valves 3() are reriprocated the ports 9 will be brought into communication therewith, and, through the channels 7, into Communication with the induction-chambers 40. The rod 32, to which the valves 30 are con- IOO IIC

nected, passes through two small cylinders, 36, located at the ends ofthe valve-chests, and is reduced in size in these cylinders, so as in cffect to provide the cylinders with single-act and in such position that as the valves are reciprocated they are brought into communication with the ports 9. rPhe pipes 3S are provided w-ith ordinary suction and force valves, 16 17, located, respectively, upon opposite sides of the pipes 37. The purpose of' this construction and arrangement will be made 'clear when the operation of the engine is described.

The power-cylinder is provided with two exhaust-openings, consisting of one or more ports, 43 44, which are `located near the opposite ends of the cylinder, and in such position as to be uncovered when the power-piston is at the ends of its strokes. These ports open into exhaust-chambers 46, (see Fig. 4,) which communicate, by means of exhaust-pipes 6() 61, with ports 52, which open into the ends of the pumps 141 142, opposite to the ports 50. The pipes 60 61 are connected by a pipe, 47, which is provided with an escapepipe, 48, through which the exhaust products of combustion pass to the open air. The pipe 47 is provided with two ordinary check-valves, 39, (see Fig. 6,) which close upon the suctionstrokes of the pumps. The communication between the exhaust-'chambers 46 and the exhaust-pipes 60 61 is controlled by a pair of upwardly-opening exhaust-valves, 28 29, the rods 27 of which pass upward through the tops of the chambers 46, (see Figs. 1 and 4,) and are provided vat their upper ends with pivoted weighted arms 26, which are acted on alternately by a pivoted lever, 25, having an arm, 24, which is connected to lthe valve-rod 32. The purpose of this arrangement will also be made clear when the operation of the engine is described. g

The power cylinder is provided with the usual water-spaces, 23, through which water is caused to circulate to prevent the undue heating of the parts, and this cylinder is also provided at its end with a trough, 53, (see Fig. 2,) through which the piston-rod passes,

and which is also 'iilled with water to keep thel rod cooled and lubricated. The trough 53 is so deep that the pistonrod may be kept iinmersed, and is open at its top, so as to permit easy access to be had to the stuffing-box in the cylinder-head to keep the packing properly adjusted. The trough is also provided with a stuiiingbox, through which the rod passes. The trough 53 may be kept supplied with water4 from the outlet of the water-spaces`23, or in any other suitable manner.

The walls of the cylinders 141 142 of the pumps are provided withf chambers 49, into which petroleum or other hydrocarbon may be introduced, to be converted into gas by the heat given off from the products of combustion which are drawn from the power-cylinder into the pumps. By this means the heat which would otherwise go to waste may be utilized to produce gas for ruiming the engine or for other purposes. This feature is not,

however, herein claimed, as it will `form theI subject-matter of a future application for Letters Patent.

The operation of the engine thus organized is as follows: In describing this operation let it be assumed that the engine is in operation,4

and that the parts are in the position shown in Figs. 1, 2, and S-that is to say, let it be assumed that a charge'has just been .iired in the outer end of the power-cylinder, and that the power-piston has just commenced its inward strek e.l It will be observed that the eiccentric is so positioned with relation to the crank 146 that the firing-valves and the powerpiston do not complete their strokes simulta neously, but that the latter completes its stroke slightly in advance of the former. From this it results that the power-piston commences its stroke in either direction slightly before the firing-valves have completed their stroke in the opposite direction. At the same time, therefore, or slightly after the power-piston commences its inward stroke, as just assumed,

Vthe iiring-valves will complete their outward stroke. As the firing valves arrive at the limit of their outward stroke, the end of the lever 25 will pass by the end of the pivoted lever 26 of the exhaust-valve 2S, and thereby allow the valve to fall to its seat and close the exhaust-pipe 60. At the same time thatI this takes place the opposite end of the lever 25 will pass by the end of the other lever, 26, thereby allowing the weighted end of the lat 4ter lever to fall, so as to bring the leverinto position to beengaged by thelever 25 upon the return-stroke ot' the iiring valves. As the ring-valves arrive at the end of their outward stroke, as just stated, the channel. 18 of the valve at the inner end of the cylinder will be brought into communication wit-h the ports 19 and the recess 33, thereby establishing communication between the master-light and the igniting-burner at that end of the cylinder,.as shown in Figs. 8 and 13, and at the same time IOC) the port 9 of the same'valve willl be brought into communication with the channel 8, thereby establishing direct communication between the explosion-chamber 22 and the interior of the power-cylinder, as shown in'Figs.

8,9, and 12. Just after the power-piston has commenced its inward stroke, and at or about the same time that the exhaust-valve 28 is closed, as just stated, the pistons 139 140 of the pumps will' commence their inward stroke, thereby drawing a charge of the explosive mixture through the mixing apparatus and- ISO the pipe 98 into the cylinder 141, and at the same time forcing the charge which was drawn into the cylinder 142 upon the last stroke out through the induction-pipe 56, and past the valves 42 41, into the inner end of the powercylinder, and also forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder 142 upon the opposite side of the piston 140. As the charge thus forced out of the cylinder 142 enters the power-cylinder a portion of it will pass through the channels 7 8 and port 9, and iill or partially ll the explosion-chamber 22, and a portion of it will also pass through the channel 3 and ducts 4 5 to the recess 33, to feed the igniting-'burner, which burner will then be immediatelylighted by themaster-light 35. As the power and pump pistons proceed upon their inward strokes,the pump-piston will continue to force the charge out of the pump cylinder into tte power- ,cylinder until the power-piston arrives at the end of its inward stroke, at which time, owing to the relative arrangement of the two pistons, the charge will be compressed to a comparatively small volume in the power-cylinder. Vhile the power and pump pistons are proceeding upon their inward strokes, as just stated, the tiring-valves will also be moved in the same direction, and as this takes place the channqel 18 will be carried out of communication with the ports 19 and the recess 33, so that after the i gniting-burner is lighted communication will be eut ot'fbetwcen that burner and the master-light; but being fed from the charge in the power cylinder the igniting burner will continue to burn in its recess 33. At the same time that this takes place the port 9 will pass out of communication with thc channel 8, and will be brought into communication with the channel 1, thereby establishing communication between the pump 36 and the explosionchamber 22, and permitting a quantity of gas to be forced into the chamber by said pump, so as to increase the pressure oi' and also enrich the mixture in the chamber. As the ring-valves, continue their inward movement, the port 9 will pass out of communication with the channel l, and immediately after thistakes place, and just as or slightly after the power` Vpiston arrives at the end of its stroke, the port 9 will come int-o communication with the recess 33, in which the igniting burner is located. Simultaneously with or j ust before this, and after the ports 44 have been uncovered,

vthe lever 25 will come into engagement with the lever 26 ofthe exhaust-valve29, and raise said valve, so as to allow the products of combustion in the outer end of the cylinder to pass out through the ports 44 and exhaust-pipe 61 into the partial vacuum formed in the pumpcylinder 142 behind the piston 140. As soon as this takes place the pressure of the exploded charge in the outer end of the power-cylinder which has served to keep the induction-valve 41 of the pipe 55 closed will be so reduced that the explosive mixture which is being forced through the induction-pipe'56 from the pump 142, instead of being forced past the valve 41 into the inner end of the power-cylinder against the pressure of the charge already confined in that end of the cylinder, will passthrough the pipe 54 and past the valve 41 at the outer end of the cylinder, and entei` that end of the cylinder during the remainder of the stroke of the pump, and thereby aid in expelling the remaining products of combustion. As soon as the port 9 comes into communication with the recess 33, as before stated, communication will be established between the igniting-burner 20 and the explosion chamber 22, as shown in Fig. 10, and thc small charge of the explosive mixture contained in the chamber will be exploded. As soon as this takes place the valve 10 will be raised and the flame of the explosion in the chamber 22 will be communicated to the charge in the power-cylinder, so as to explode the latter and start the power-piston upon its return-stroke. Shortly after this explosion takes place the tiring-valves will complete their inward stroke and thc exhaustvalve 29 will be closed in the same manner as already described, and at or about the same time the pump 141 will commence to force a charge into the outer end of the power-cylinder.

During the return-stroke of the power-piston the operation just described will be repeated at the opposite end of the powercyl inder, and at the same time the products of combustion exhausted into the pump 142 will be expelled through the escape-pipe 48 to the open air.

In conclusion, it is to be remarked that the engine herein shown may be modified in many respects without departing from the principal features of the invention. One such modification is shown in Fig. 16, in whieh'the exhaustvalves 28 29 and their operating devices are omitted, and the power-cylinder is provided with only a single set of exhaust-ports, 43, which are located at the middle ofitslength, and arc connected by exhaust-pipes with the pumps. In this case the power-piston is made of sufficient length to keep the exhaust-ports covered until just as it arrives at the end of its stroke. The piston itself thus forms a valve for IOO controlling the exhaust-ports, and is, broadly 1 considered, the equivalent of the valves 28 29. This specitc construction, however, forms the subject-matter of a separate application for Letters Patent. It is also to be remarked that when the separate exhaust-valves 28 29 are employed, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, these valves may be of different form, and be operated in a different manner from that shown, without departing from the invention. The form of Valves, 'and the means for operating them, which is shown has been selected merely for the purpose of illustration. It will also be readily understood that the arrangement ofthe pumps and their connections may be varied without departing from the invention. In-

stead of having both pumps operated from a single rod, as shown, the pumps may be entirely independent of each other, and instead lof using one end of each pump for exhausting and the other end for charging the engine, one

pump may do all of thc exhausting and the other all of the charging. It is also to be nnderstood that the engine may be arranged verticallyinstead of horizontally, and also that .it maybe made single instead of doubleactingand yet preserve certain features of the invention. In the case of-a single-acting engine two single-acting pumps will be employed, and one of the firing-valves will be omitted, and only one set of exhaust-ports will be provided. f

' Vhat I claim is 1. The combination, with the power-cylinder having an exhaust-opening located in position to be uncovered by the piston as it arrives at the end of its stroke, of an exhaustvalve which is opened at the end of the stroke, a pump by which a partial vacuum is formed in the exhaust-pipe before the valve is opened, and a pump by which a portion of a fresh charge is compressedl in the induction-pipe before the exhaust-valve is opened, whereby v as soon as the exhaust-valve is opened, so as to reduce the pressure in the power-cylinder, the fresh charge will expand into the cylinder and drive the exhaust products before it out through the exhaust-opening, substantially as described.

2. nThe combination, with the power-cylin- -der having the exhaust-openings located in position to 'be uncovered by the power-piston as it arrives at the ends of its strokes in opposite directions,of exhaust-valves which are opened at the ends of thestrokes, and apump or pumps by which a partial vacuum is formed in the exhaust-pipesbefore the valves are opened, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the power-cylinder having an exhaust-opening controlled by an exhaust-valve which is opened at the end of the stroke, of a pump by which a partial vacuumpis formed in the exhaust-pipe before the valve is opened, and a pump by which the charges are forced into the power-cylinder in front of the advancing piston upon its returnstroke, substantially as described.

4. rlhe combination, with the power-cylinder having an exhaust-opening located in position to bc uncovered by the piston as it arrives at the end of its stroke, of an exhaustvalve which is opened at the end of the stroke, a pump by which a partial vacuum is formed in the exhaust-pipe before the valve is opened, and a pump by which the charges are forced into the power-cylinder in front of the advancing piston upon its return-stroke, substantially as described. A

5. The combination, with the power-cylinderhaving the exhaust-openings located in position to be uncovered by the power-piston as it arrives at the ends of its strokes in opposite directions,of exhaust-valves which are opened at the ends of the strokes, a pump or pumps by which a partial vacuum is formed inthe exhaust-pipes before the valves are opened,

and a pumpor 'pumps by which the charges are forced into the power-cylinder infront of the advancing piston upon its return-stroke, sublstantially as described.

v 6. The combination, with the power-cylinder, of a double-acting pump, one end of which operates to form a partial vacuum for exhausting the products of combustion from the cylinder,while the other end operates to force the charges into the cylinder, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the posten-cylinder, of two double-acting pumps, one end of each pump operating to form partial vacuums for exhausting the products of combustion from the cylinder,while the other end of each pump operates to force the charges into the'cylinder,

substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the power-cylinder and a pump for compressing-the charges into the cylinder, of an induction-pipe cohnecting the pump and cylinder and having the lcheck-valves 41 42, whereby a portion of the charge is entrapped under pressure in the induction-pipe, and is permitted to expand into the cylinder to aid in expelling the products of the last explosion as soon as the exhaust is opened,'substantially as described.

9. Thecombinatiomwiththepower-cylinder having an exhaust opening or openings, of an exhaust valve or valves which is or are opened as the power-piston arrives at the end of its stroke and is or are closed as the piston starts upon its return-stroke, a pump or pumps by which a partial vacuum is formed in the exhaust pipe or pipes before the exhaust valve or valves is or are opened, and a pump or pumps for compressing the charges into the power-cylinder in front of the advancing piston, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with the power-cylinder and the pump or pumps for compressing the charges into the cylinder, of the induction pipe or pipes 55 56 and valve or valves 41,

IOO

IIO

and the check valve or valves 42, located be- 11. The combination, with the power-cylin` der -and the pump or pumps for compressing the charges into the cylinder, of the inductionpipes 55 56 and valves 4l, the valves 42 between the induction-valves and the pump or pumps, and the pipe 54,connecting the induction-pipes between the valves 42 andthe induction-valves, substantially Vas described.

12. rlhe combination, with the power-cylinder and a pump for compressing the charges into the cylinder, of connections between the pump and cylinder by which the pump, after compressing the charge-into one end of the cylinder during thelast part oi its stroke forces a quantity of the explosive mixture into the other end of the cylinder to aid in expelling the products of combustion, substantially as described. l

13. The combination, with the power-cylinv der and a pump for compressing the charges into the cylinder, said pump being arranged to complete its stroke after the power-piston has completed its stroke, of connections between the pump and power cylinder by which io the pump, after compressing the charge into one end of the power-cylinder during the last part of its stroke, forces a quantity ot' the explosive mixture into the other end oithe cylinder to aid in expelling the products ot' com- [5 bustion, substantially as described.

. 14. The combination,with the mixing-chainer 99 and the pump for withdrawing the mixture from the chamber, of one or more looselymounted mixing-wheels having oblique vanes, 2o whereby it or they is or are revolved by the current passing through the chamber, substantially as described. "'c 15. rIhecombinatiomwith the mixing-chamber 99, of a plurality of mixing-wheels arranged to be revolved in different directions,

substantially as described.

1G. The combi nation,with the annular chamber 9i, having the openings 2 and the central opening, 14, of the valve 93, arranged to close 3o said openings, and the check-valve 95,4 substantially as described.

17. The combination, with a stationary igniting-burner located in a recess in the valvechest, of a firing-valve having an explosionchamber which is filled with an explosive mixture and communicates with the powercylinder through a check-valve, and which is provided with a port through which it is brought into communication with the ignit- .to ing-burner by the movement of the valve at the proper time to fire the charge, substantially as described.

18. The combination, with a tiring-valve having an explosion-chamber which communieates with the power-cylinder through a check-valve, of connections, as the channels7 8 and port 9, through. which the chamber is brought into direct communication with the power-cylinder to be iilled from the mixture 5o therein as the valve is moved, substantially as described.

19. The combination, with a firing -valve having an explosion chamber which communicates with the power-cylinder through a check-valve, of a pump, as 3G, communicating with a gas-supply, and connections, as the duct 6, channel 1, and port 9, through which the chamber is brought into communication with the pump as the valve is moved, substantially 6o as described.

20. The combination, with a stationary igniting-lnirner, of connections, as the channel 3 and duct 4 5, by which the burner is fed from the charge in the power-cylinder, substantially as described.

21. 'Ihe combination, with a stationary igniting burner fed by a mixture ot' gas and air and a stationary master-light, of a valve having a channel, as 18, by which the ignitingburner is brought into communication 7o with the master-light as the valve is moved, substantially as described.

22. The combination, with a stationary igniting-bnrncr, of connections, as the channel 3 and duct 4 5, by which the burner is fed 75 from the charge in the power-cylinder, and a tiring-valve by which the burner is brought into communication with the power-cylinder at the proper time to fire the charge, substantially as described.

23. The combination, with a stationary igniting-burner fed by a mixture of gas and air and a stationary master-light, ot' a valve by which the igniting-burner is brought into communication with the charge in the cylinder to explode it, and by which the burner is also brought into communication with the masterlight to be relighted after each explosion, suhstantially as described.

24.. The combination, with a stationary igniting-burner, of a tiring-valve having an explosion-chamber which is brought into communication with the igniting-burner through the oblique port 9, substantially as described.

25. lIhe combination, with the plate 51, forming the side of ythe valve-chest, and also the valve-seat, of the valve 30, arranged to be .pressed to its seat by t-he charge in the powercylinder, substantially as described.

26. rlhe combination, with the cylinder or cylinders 36, provided with suction and force valves, ofthe valve-rod 32, forming a plunger or plungers for said cylinder or cylinders, substantiall y as described.

27. The combination, with the iiring valve or valves 30, having the explosion chamber or chambers 22, ot the cylinder or cylinders 36, communicating with said chamber or chambers, and the valve-rod 32, forming a plunger or plungers for said cylinder or cylinders, substantially as described. Y

28. In a gas-engine, the combination, with the power cylinder, piston, and piston-rod, of the open trough 53, for containing a quantity of water to surround the rod and keep it properlycooled, andthe two stuffing-boxes through which the rod passes, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of 120 May, 1883-.

IOO

PETER l\lRRA`Y, JR.

Vitncsses:

CHARM-3s H. PELL, F. F. CAMPBELL. 

